7 Marudzi EmaExcavator
Mhando dzekuchera imwe neimwe ine maitiro ayo uye mashandisiro:
Crawler Excavators: Iyo inozivikanwawo seyakajairwa machera, aya anowanzo shandiswa kune akawanda emabasa ekuchera.Ivo vakashongedzerwa nematira panzvimbo yemavhiri, izvo zvinovapa kugadzikana kwakanakisa uye kuenzanisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana.Kutenda kunzira, dzakanyatsokodzera kushanda pavhu risina kuenzana kana rakapfava, rakadai sedhaka kana ivhu rejecha.Iwo anowanzo shandiswa kuchera, kuchera, kugadzira pasi, uye kusimudza zvinorema.
Wheeled Excavators: Zvichienzaniswa nevanochera vanochera, mavhiri ekuchera ane mafambiro ari nani uye akakodzera nzvimbo dzakaoma uye nharaunda dzemaguta.Vanogona kufamba nekukurumidza mumigwagwa, zvichiita kuti ive yakanaka kune mamiriro ezvinhu apo nzvimbo yebasa inowanzochinja.
Dragline Excavators: Rudzi urwu rwekuchera runowanzo shandiswa kumabasa makuru ekuchera, akadai semugodhi wepamusoro uye kuchera gomba rakadzika.Dragline excavator vane bhaketi hombe rinomiswa netambo uye rinoshandiswa "kudhonza" zvinhu.Vanonyanya kukodzera kuchera kure-kure uye kufambisa mavhoriyamu makuru ezvinyorwa.
Suction Excavators: Anozivikanwawo sevacuum excavators, aya anoshandisa high-pressure suction kubvisa marara uye ivhu kubva pasi.Ivo vanowanzo shandiswa kuchenesa pasi kana vachiisa pasi pevhu zvinoshandiswa kudzivirira kukuvadza zviripo.
Skid Steer Excavators: Aya madiki anochera ane hunyanzvi uye anogona kushanda munzvimbo dzakasimba.Dhizaini yavo inobvumira kukurumidza kusungirirwa shanduko, senge mabhaketi, sando, mitsvairo, nezvimwewo, inokodzera akasiyana emabasa sekuparadza, kusanganisa ivhu, uye kuchenesa.
Long Reach Excavators: Neruoko rwakatambanudzwa uye bhakiti, akakodzera nzvimbo dzisingasviki nemidziyo yekuchera.Zvinowanzo shandiswa pakuputsa zvivakwa, kuchenesa nzira dzemvura, uye mamwe mamiriro anoda kushanda kureba.
Mini Excavators: Mamini ekuchera madiki muhukuru uye akakodzera kwazvo kushanda munzvimbo dzakavharirwa, senge nharaunda dzemudhorobha kana nzvimbo dzakamanikana.Pasinei nehukuru hwadzo hudiki kana ichienzaniswa nevekuchera mikuru, inoramba iine simba uye inoshanda uye inowanzoshandiswa pamapurojekiti madiki ekuchera uye basa rekugadzirisa nyika.
Aya marudzi evacheri akagadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvebasa uye anoita basa rakakosha kubva kumapurojekiti madiki egadheni kuenda kumapurojekiti makuru ekuvaka.
1. Crawler Excavators
Kusiyana nezvimwe zvicherwa zvakakura zvinofamba nemavhiri, vanokambaira vanomhanya pamatinji maviri mahombe asingaperi uye akakodzera kumabasa emigodhi uye anorema-basa rekuvaka.Iyo inozivikanwawo sema compact excavators, aya anochera anoshandisa hydraulic simba mashandiro kusimudza zvinorema marara uye ivhu.
Cheni yavo yemavhiri system inovabvumira kutsvedza pasi uye kuyera zvikomo zvine njodzi shoma, zvichiita kuti dzive dzakakodzera kukwirisa nzvimbo dzine makomo nekutarisa nzvimbo isina kuenzana.Nepo ichinonoka kupfuura mamwe machera, vanokambaira vanopa chiyero chakakura, kuchinjika uye kugadzikana zvachose.
Zvazvakanakira:Ipa chiyero chikuru uye kugadzikana pavhu risina kuenzana
Cons:Zvishoma pane mamwe maexcavators
2. Wheeled Excavators
Vanochera mavhiri vakafanana muhukuru uye chitarisiko kune vanokambaira asi vanomhanya nemavhiri pachinzvimbo chenzira.Kutsiva matinji nemavhiri kunoita kuti ikurumidze uye kuve nyore kufambisa pane kongiri, asphalt uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzakati sandara uchiri kupa simba rakafanana.
Nekuti mavhiri anopa kudzikama kushoma pavhu risina kuenzana pane matinji, zvicherwa zvine mavhiri zvinowanzoshandiswa pakugadzira migwagwa nemapurojekiti emudhorobha.Nekudaro, vashandisi vanogona kuwedzera vanobuda kuti vawedzere kugadzikana kana vachichinja pakati peasphalt kana kongiri uye nzvimbo isina kuenzana.
Zvazvakanakira:Inokurumidza uye nyore kufambisa panzvimbo dzakati sandara
Cons:Ita zvisina kunaka munzvimbo isina kuenzana
3. Dragline Excavators
Dragline excavator ihombe yekuchera iyo inoshanda neimwe nzira.Iyo midziyo inoshandisa hoist tambo system inonamatira kubhaketi kuburikidza nehoist coupler.Rumwe rutivi rwebucket rwakanamirwa pamutsetse wokukweva unobva mubucket uchienda kucab.Tambo yekusimudza inosimudza nekudzikisa bucket ukuwo tambo yekukweva ichikwevera bhaketi kumutyairi.
Nekuda kwehuremu hwavo, mitsara yekudhonza inowanzounganidzwa pa-saiti.Iyo yakasarudzika sisitimu yerudzi urwu rwekuchera inowanzoshandiswa mumapurojekiti makuru einjiniya senge canal dreading.
Zvazvakanakira:Dragline system yakanakira kuchera pasi pemvura uye kutya kwe canal
Cons:Huremu nehukuru zvinoita kuti zvisashande kumabasa madiki
4. Suction Excavators
Iyo inozivikanwawo sevacuum excavator, vanochera vanochera vane pombi yekukweva inokwanisa kupa anosvika mazana mana emabhiza.Mucheri anotanga aburitsa jeti remvura kuti asunungure pasi.
Iyo pombi, iyo ine mazino akapinza kumucheto, inobva yagadzira vacuum inotakura ivhu nemarara anosvika mamaira mazana maviri paawa.
A suction excavator yakanakira zvikumbiro zvepasi pevhu, sezvo inogona kuderedza mukana wekukuvadzwa neinopfuura 50 percent.
Zvazvakanakira:Kuwedzera kurongeka kunoderedza kukuvadzwa panguva yemabasa akatetepa
Cons:Mapaipi ekusveta akatetepa haashande pamashandisirwo makuru
5. Skid Steer Excavators
Kusiyana nevanochera vakajairwa, skid steers vane mabhomu uye mabhaketi anotarisana kure nemutyairi.Kutarisa uku kunobvumira zvinosungirirwa kuti zvisvike pamusoro pekombi pachinzvimbo chekuitenderedza, zvichiita kuti zvicherwa izvi zvibatsire munzvimbo dzakatetepa uye kufambisa majana anotsenga.
Inowanzoshandiswa kuchera madziva, kuchenesa nzvimbo, basa rekugara uye kubvisa tsvina, uko nzvimbo yakanyanya kuderera uye zvinhu zvakapararira kure.
Zvazvakanakira:Zviri nyore kufambisa munzvimbo dzakamanikana uye dzakamanikana
Cons:Usaite zvakanaka panzvimbo dzisina kuenzana kana dzinotsvedza
6. Kureba Kusvika Excavators
Sezvinoratidzwa nezita rayo, yekuchera inosvika kureba ine ruoko rwakarebesa uye zvikamu zve boom.Iyo yakagadzirwa inobvumira kushanda kuri nani munzvimbo dzakaoma-kusvika-kusvika.Ruoko rwemucheri runotambanudzwa runogona kusvika pamamita 100 akachinjika.
Aya machera anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kumapurojekiti ekuputsa senge kukoromoka kwechimiro uye kuputsa madziro pamusoro pemvura.Zvinamatidzwa zvakasiyana zvinogona kunamirwa paruoko kuita mamwe mabasa akadai sekuveura, kupwanya nekucheka.
Zvazvakanakira:Boom refu yakanakira nzvimbo dzakaoma-kusvika uye mapurojekiti ekuputsa
Cons:Zvakaoma kushandisa munzvimbo dzakaomarara
7. Mini Excavators
Mumakore achangopfuura, mamwe makondirakiti ari kushandisa mini yekuchera, diki uye yakareruka vhezheni yeyakajairwa yekuchera inokwanisa kuderedza kukuvadzwa kwepasi uye kukwana munzvimbo dzakatsvikinyidzana, dzakatetepa senge nzvimbo dzekupaka uye nzvimbo dzemukati.Zvinozivikanwawo sema compact excavator, mamini anochera anowanzo batanidza yakaderedzwa muswe-kuzungunuka kana zero muswe-swing kuti ufambe zvine simba uye kudzivirira kusangana nechero zvipingaidzo.
